19 November 1803 - 21 December 1853, age 50.

Assistant Professor of Natural and Experimental Philosophy, USMA, July 23, 1821 to September 1, 1822.
Principal Assistant Professor of Engineering, USMA, September 1, 1822 to August 31, 1824.
Acting Professor of Natural and Experimental Philosophy, USMA, September 1, 1828 to February 16, 1829.
Professor of Natural and Experimental Philosophy, USMA, February 16, 1829 to December 31, 1834.
Professor of Mathematics, University of Pennsylvania, 1834-1836.
Professor of Mathematics, University of Virginia, 1842-1853.

Biography

In 1827 James Monroe tried to hire Courtenay at the University of Virginia, but this was unsuccessful at that time. Courtenay wrote Thayer thanking him for recommending him and Thayer received information about Courtenay from Davies and then relayed it to Monroe. 

The handwritten volume of U.S.M.A. Library Circulation Records, 1829-1831, list four books checked out to Prof. Courtenay on the first page: On May 7, 1829 he checked Mackay on Longitude, volumes 1 and 2 and Atwood's Analysis, on May 16 he checked out Woodhouse's Calculus, and the on September 5, the two volumes of Woodhouse's Astronomy. I have only located Atwood in the current USMA catalog. The next 22 pages of this volume that I looked at contained cadet charges. There is undoubtedly more information to be gleaned from this half archival box.

Davies helped publish one of his books after he died and wrote a biographical notice for it. Need to figure out which book this was. 

Adrian Rice wrote a piece on Courtenay when he was at the University of Virginia.

Publications:

1. Boucharlat, J.-L. (Jean-Louis), d. 1848. An elementary treatise on mechanics. Translated from the French of M. Boucharlat with additions and emendations, designed to adapt it to the use of the cadets of the U. S. military academy. By Edward H. Courtenay. New York, Harper & brothers, 1845. 432 p. diagrs. on 9 fold. pl. 24 cm. [Miami U Spec Covington Coll QA805 .B76 1836. Also two other OhioLink locations.]
2. A treatise on the differential and integral calculus : and on the calculus of variations / by Edward H. Courtenay. New York : A. S. Barnes & Co., 1855. xviii, [13]-501 p. : ill. ; 22 cm. United States New York New York. [CWRU UL Spec Coll Stacks 2 QA303.C85 1855]

   A treatise on the differential and integral calculus : and on the calculus of variations / by Edward H. Courtenay. New York : A. S. Barnes & Company, 1856. xviii, 501 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. [Oberlin College Storage 517.1C83].

   A treatise on the differential and integral calculus, and on the calculus of variations. By Edward H. Courtenay .. New York, A. S. Barnes & Burr, 1874. xviii, [13]-501 p. 24 cm. [Ohio State U SEL Compact Stacks QA303 .C86 and MAIN Stacks QA303 .C86]

   A treatise on the differential and integral calculus and on the calculus of variations / by Edward H. Courtenay. New York : American Book Co., c1882. xviii, [13]-501 p. ; 21 cm. [Oberlin College Storage 517.1C83.2]

Obituaries:

Cullum #262: B-MD: CE: Inst USMA 21-24: Prof Nat&Exp Phil USMA 29-34: Resd 34: Prof f
Math UVA 42-53: Distinguished Professor of Mathematics and Engineering: D-Charlottesville
21Dec53 a-50. [From 1990 Register of Graduates]

"The library has received an oil portrait of Professor Courtenay (U. S. M. A., 1828-1834) copied by Mr. H. M. Luquiens from an original at Charlottesville by permission of the University of Virginia, for which permission our thanks are due. The artist of the original portrait is unknown. [Annual Report of the Superintendent, USMA, 1913, p. 66]

References:

Arney, Chris, West Point's Scientific 200: Celebration of the Bicentennial. Biographies of 200 of West Point's Most Successful and Influential Mathematicians, Scientists, Engineers, and Technologists, 2002.