The following are some possible textbooks for a history of mathematics course which is not intended as a survey course. This list is necessarily incomplete, for a great variety of courses are conceivable.
This list will be augmented with book reviews when time permits. It will also be updated from time to time.
Ascher, Marcia. Ethnomathematics: A Multicultural View of Mathematical Ideas, Belmont, CA: Brooks-Cole, 1991. Reviewed by Judith V. Grabiner, American Mathematical Monthly, 100 (1993), 304-308.
Bell, Eric Temple, 1883-1960. Men of mathematics. New York, Simon and Schuster [1937] xvii, 590 p., l . diagrs.
Berggren, J. L. Episodes in the mathematics of medieval Islam. New York : Springer-Verlag, c1986. xiv, 197 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.
Bunt, Lucas N. H. (Lucas Nicolaas Hendrik), Phillip S. Jones, and Jack D. Bedient. The historical roots of elementary mathematics. Englewood Cliffs, N.J. : Prentice-Hall, c1976. xii, 299 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.
Cooney, Miriam P. Celebrating Women in Mathematics and Science, NCTM, 1996.
Dedron, P. (Pierre), and J. Itard; translated from the French by J. V. Field. Mathematics and mathematicians. Transworld Publishers in association with Richard Sadler, 1974, c1973. 2 v. : ill. ; 18 cm. Open University Set book. Translation of Mathematiques et mathematiciens. Vol. 2 has subtitle: Methods and problems. "Transworld student library."
Dunham, William (1947-), Journey through genius: the great theorems of mathematics, New York: Wiley, c1990.
Edwards, C. H. (Charles Henry) (1937- ). The historical development of the calculus. New York: Springer-Verlag, c1979.
Garding, Lars (1919-). Encounter with mathematics. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1977. ix, 270 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.
Gittleman, Arthur. History of mathematics. Columbus, Ohio: Merrill, [1975] x, 291 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.
Groza, Vivian Shaw. A survey of mathematics; elementary concepts and their historical development. New York, Holt, Rinehart and Winston [1968] xvi, 327 p. illus. 25 cm.
Historical topics for the mathematics classroom. Reston, Va. : National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, c1989. xiv, 542 p. : ill. ; 23 cm.
Joseph, George Gheverghese. The crest of the peacock: non-European roots of mathematics. London ; New York : I.B. Tauris, 1991. xv, 368 p. : ill. ; 22 cm.
Kline, Morris (1908-1992). Mathematics in western culture. New York, Oxford University Press, 1953. 484 p. illus. 24 cm.
Kline, Morris. Mathematics: a cultural approach. Reading, Mass., Addison-Wesley Pub. Co. [1962] 701 p. illus. 24 cm.
Kline, Morris. Mathematical thought from ancient to modern times. New York, Oxford University Press, 1972. xvii, 1238 p. illus. 24 cm.
Kline, Morris. Mathematics, the loss of certainty. New York : Oxford University Press, 1980. 366 p. ; 24 cm.
Perl, Teri. Math equals: biographies of women mathematicians + related activities. Menlo Park, Calif. : Addison-Wesley Pub. Co., c1978. v, 250 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.
Perl, Teri. Women and numbers: lives of women mathematicians plus discovery activities. San Carlos, CA : Wide World Publishing/Tetra, c1993. 213 p. : ill. ; 26 cm. Presents biographies of women from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries who pursued their interests in mathematics. Each chapter includes different mathematical activities.
Renyi, Alfred. Dialogues on Mathematics, San Francisco: Holden Day, 1967. Reviewed by Harvey Cohn, AMM, 76 (1969), 1161-1162: "Here we have an expert's attempt to explain the nature of mathematics to a nontechnical audience by historically plausible mock dialogues led by Socrates, Archimedes, and Galileo. The explanation is effective because of its wit, literary skill, and mathematical taste."
Resnikoff, H. L. and R.O. Wells, Jr. Mathematics in civilization [Enl. and corr. ed.] New York: Dover Publications, 1984. viii, 408 p. : ill., maps ; 24 cm. "A supplement, 'Twentieth-Century Mathematics,' an index to the supplement, and solutions to the exercises at the end of chapters have been added to the Dover edition"--T.p. verso.
Simmons, George Finlay (1925-). Calculus gems: brief lives and memorable mathematics. With portraits by Maceo Mitchell. New York: McGraw-Hill, c1992. xiv, 355 p. : ill. ; 23 cm.
Stillwell, John. Mathematics and its history. New York: Springer-Verlag, c1989. x, 371 p. : ill. ; 25 cm. Undergraduate texts in mathematics.
Struik, Dirk Jan (1894-2000). A concise history of mathematics. New York, Dover Publications [1948]
Toeplitz, Otto (1881-1940). The calculus; a genetic approach. Translated by Luise Lange. University of Chicago Press [1963] 192 p. illus. 25 cm. Translation of Die Entwicklung der Infinitesimalrechnung.